资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
展现马克思主义党建理论与时俱进当代轨迹的一部力作——《新时代全面从严治党基本理论研究》简评****** 作者:韩庆祥(中共中央党校一级教授,原中央党校校委委员、副教育长) 新近由人民出版社出版,王世谊教授撰写的《新时代全面从严治党基本理论研究》一书对于新时代全面从严治党理论体系、学术体系和话语体系作出了富有重要价值的开拓性探索,对新时代全面从严治党基本理论的时代背景、理论渊源、发展脉络、生成逻辑、主要内容、框架体系、历史地位等作了较为全面系统的概述,全书分,可独立成篇;合,则浑然一体,书后附有参考文献。从而给读者展现了一个较为系统、完整、清晰的理论轮廓和体系框架。通读全书感觉有三个鲜明特点: 其一,本书揭示了与时俱进这一马克思主义的“理论品质”,研究视角十分富有新意。与时俱进是马克思主义的理论品质和永恒主题。所谓“与时俱进”,“时”就是指时间、时机、时代,也就是历史和实践。“时”前进了,思想理论也要呼应时代的变革和实践的发展,不断创新,不断前进,这就叫与时俱进。本书集中体现了当代中国共产党人对马克思主义党建学科科学性的新认识。我们正处在一个伟大变革的时代。这是一个亟需与时俱进,进行理论创新的时代。为什么要与时俱进,进行理论创新?根本的原因在于历史的条件和实践的内容不断发展变化,是迅猛发展的实践的强烈呼唤,是急剧变革的时代的迫切要求。变革的时代始终是孕育理论突破的土壤,创新的理论成果总是一定历史实践催生的产儿。本书作者抓住新时代全面从严治党基本理论的理论品质、深刻主题和哲学方法论,进行条分缕析,在此基础上,该书突出时代主题,着力深化对共产党执政规律、社会主义建设规律、人类社会发展规律的认识,比较全面地阐发了该书以自我革命精神为基石构建新时代全面从严治党话语体系,着力营造新时代全面从严治党基本理论学术体系,探索新时代全面从严治党基本理论的创新思路。党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚定不移推进全面从严治党,并进行了艰辛的理论创新,使我们党的建设理论在继承的基础上,不断总结新的经验,吸取新的思想而向前发展,不断为新时代执政党建设实践提出新的理论指导。本书特别重视以习近平同志为核心的党中央在新时代全面从严治党理论创新和实践发展中这些极富创造性的宝贵的思想财富,在深入挖掘、准确领会、完整阐释新时代全面从严治党的创新思维方面,《新时代全面从严治党基本理论研究》一书在这方面作了非常有益的探索。本书作者以马克思主义党建理论为指导,把研究的触角伸向新时代全面从严治党实际运作的各个具体领域,在理论和实践的动态发展中勾勒出了新时代全面从严治党基本理论的基本框架。 其二,该书的框架结构十分科学,对于新时代全面从严治党基本理论的中心问题作出了富有重要价值的探索。该书按照新时代全面从严治党基本理论固有的科学性、规律性和逻辑层次,全书分为总论、分论和结语三部分,总论主要是新时代全面从严治党基本理论的总体阐述,分论包括全面从严治党必须践行初心使命、必须从严管理干部、必须抓基层打基础、必须持之以恒正风肃纪、必须坚持制度治党依规治党、必须以零容忍态度惩治腐败、必须完善全面从严治党制度,推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化。分论对新时代全面从严治党基本理论分专题作了详尽阐述,结语着力阐述新时代全面从严治党基本理论的规律性认识,上述内容构筑了全书的理论体系框架。这一框架比较全面地涉及到新时代全面从严治党基本理论的各个主要领域,较为完整地反映新时代全面从严治党基本理论的精神实质及其内在的逻辑体系。该书注重从整体上掌握其基本内容和基本观点,努力把握各种观点的内在联系和系统性、完整性,并力求抓住重点,突出理论创新,体现了学术研究应有的科学态度和科学精神。从而既保证了全书各个部分相互衔接、连贯一致,又避免了各部分内容的简单重复。 其三,本书提出的“四梁八柱”理论概括涵盖了新时代全面从严治党话语体系的基本内容。构建新时代全面从严治党话语体系的“四梁八柱”,既是坚持自我革命与全面从严治党的需要,也是保证党自身先进性和纯洁性的需要,更是通过政党治理提升国家治理效能的内在要求,本书“四梁八柱”的概括给人耳目一新之感。全面从严治党是一项系统工程,通读全书,感受到了作者严谨的治学态度,本书坚持政治话语、学理话语和世界话语相统一,坚持历史、理论和现实相统一,提出了许多富有创造性的观点,是作者辛勤耕耘、潜心钻研的丰硕成果。相信该书的出版对进一步深入学习和研究习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想,全面贯彻党的二十大精神,坚定不移全面从严治党,深入推进新时代党的建设新的伟大工程将会产生积极的作用和影响。 (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |